In the 1990s, after the collapse of the bubble economy, Japan developed an inward-looking culture, turning away from societal changes and immersing itself in private worlds. Within this context, the BDSM scene also evolved, introducing fresh elements such as female body fetish and costume fetish alongside classical expressions of erotic beauty. Training videos diversified, each showcasing unique allure, culminating in a rich array of expressions as the era drew to a close.